Propoziții condiționale CU IF · ghid vizual
Conditional IF
Trei tipuri de bază (real, ireal-prezent, ireal-trecut), plus combinații și conectori.
IF (condiția) → Principala (rezultatul)
Glisează tabelul stânga–dreapta
| Tip | IF (subordonata) | Principala (rezultat) |
|---|---|---|
| I · reală | if + Present Simple | will + infinitiv |
| II · ireală (prezent/viitor) | if + Past Simple / were | would + infinitiv |
| III · ireală (trecut) | if + Past Perfect | would have + participiu |
Conditional I — acțiunea are loc în viitor
1Regula de bază
I will go on a trip if I have the money.
2Excepție · „will” după if = bunăvoință / politețe
If you will wait a moment, I will bring the book you need. · If you will drink so much coffee, you won’t sleep at night.
3Excepție · „should” după if = îndoială despre viitor
If Mary should come, I will give a party. · Should Mary come, I will give a party.
Conditional II — improbabil sau imaginar
1Regula de bază
I would go on a trip if I had the money.
Atenție! Forma ireală cu „were” la toate persoanele: If I were you…
2Excepție · „would” după if = bunăvoință / politețe
If you would wait a moment, I would bring the book you need.
3Excepție · „should” / „were to” = îndoială mai clară
If Mary were to come, I would give a party. · Were Mary to come, I would give a party.
Conditional III — ceea ce nu s-a întâmplat
1Regula de bază
I would have gone on a trip if I had had the money.
2Inversiune (fără if)
Had I had the money, I would have gone on a trip.
if + prezent → will (real)
if + past → would (ireal prezent)
if + past perfect → would have + participiu (ireal trecut)
Când timpurile se amestecă
4Combinație: 1 (real) + 2 (ireal)
If I had some spare time, I will go to see my native places. · If I have some spare time, I would go to see my native places.
5Combinație: 3 (cauză trecut) + 2 (rezultat prezent)
If the detective hadn’t caught him, he wouldn’t be in prison now. · If you had told me you would come, you wouldn’t be staying at the hotel now.
6O propoziție înlocuită de imperativ
Eat your soup or else it will get cold.
Alte moduri de a spune „if”
Exemple
You will be late unless you hurry up. · I will lend you the car provided that you drive carefully. · You may go out on condition that you finish your homework.