Corespondența timpurilor · reported speech

Corespondența Timpurilor — vorbire directă → indirectă

Când propoziția principală e la trecut, dialogul se transformă din vorbire directă în vorbire indirectă. Reține regulile după culoare și exemple.

Albastru · spus exact

Vorbire DIRECTĂ

« ghilimele » — cuvintele exacte

Replica citată exact, așa cum a fost spusă.

She said: “I am at home.”

Chihlimbar · repovestit

Vorbire INDIRECTĂ

He said (that) + propoziție

Repovestim ce a spus cineva — fără ghilimele.

She said she was at home.

Regula în 3 pași

Ce se schimbă în vorbirea indirectă

Se aplică doar când verbul din propoziția principală e la trecut.

1Toate persoanele trec la persoana a III-a

Pronumele și posesivele se ajustează la cine repovestește.

“I like my job.” → He said he liked his job.

2Timpurile predicatului se schimbă

Prezent → Trecut · Past Simple / Present Perfect → Past Perfect · Future → future in the past.

am/is/are → was/werewill → wouldhave done → had done

“I will go.” → He said he would go.

Atenție! Contracții: don’t → didn’t, haven’t + pp → hadn’t + pp, won’t → wouldn’t.

3Adverbele de timp și loc se schimbă

today → that dayyesterday → the day beforetomorrow → the following daynext week → the following weekthis → thathere → there

“I saw him yesterday.” → He said he had seen him the day before.

Tabel · schimbarea timpurilor

Cum se mută fiecare timp

Glisează tabelul stânga–dreapta

Vorbire directăVorbire indirectă
Present Simple — go / goesPast Simple — went
am / is / arewas / were
Present Continuous — am goingPast Continuous — was going
Present Perfect — have gonePast Perfect — had gone
Past Simple — wentPast Perfect — had gone
willwould
cancould
maymight
musthad to
Tabel · adverbe

Timp și loc

DirectIndirect
todaythat day
yesterdaythe day before
tomorrowthe following day
last weekthe week before
next weekthe following week
nowthen
thisthat
herethere
Reține într-o frază

Verbul din principala e la trecut?
Mută persoanele la a III-a.
Coboară timpul cu un pas + schimbă adverbele.

Albastru · Direct

Cuvintele exacte, între ghilimele.
“I am here today.”

Chihlimbar · Indirect

Repovestit, fără ghilimele.
He said he was there that day.

Acum testează-te
7 exerciții de transformare directă → indirectă.
1 · Propoziția exclamativă

Imperativ → infinitiv (ask / order / suggest)

Imperativul devine infinitiv cu to; Let’s → suggested + -ing.

Direct
“Come to school in time!”
Indirect
He asked me to come to school in time.
imperativ → to + infinitiv
Direct
“Don’t run in the classroom!”
Indirect
He ordered him not to run in the classroom.
imperativ negativ → not to
Direct
“Let’s go to the door!”
Indirect
He suggested going to the door.
Let’s → suggested + -ing
2 · Propoziția enunțiativă

say / tell + schimbarea timpului

Direct
“I am at home.”
Indirect
He said he was at home.
prezent → trecut
Direct
“I was on a trip last week.”
Indirect
He told me he had been on a trip the week before.
past → past perfect; last week → the week before
Direct
“I have written my homework today.”
Indirect
He told me he had written his homework that day.
present perfect → past perfect; today → that day
Direct
“I will go on a trip next week.”
Indirect
He said he would go on a trip the following week.
will → would; next week → the following week
3 · Propoziția interogativă

A patra transformare: topica

Pe lângă cele 3 reguli, întrebarea pierde inversiunea: predicatul stă după subiect, ca la enunțiativă. Întrebările da/nu folosesc if / whether.

Direct
“Do you go to school by bus?”
Indirect
He asked him if he went to school by bus.
if + topică de enunțiativă; prezent → trecut
Direct
“Did you go on a trip last week?”
Indirect
He asked him if he had gone on a trip the week before.
did go → had gone
Direct
“Have you written your homework?”
Indirect
He asked him if he had written his homework.
present perfect → past perfect
4 · Propoziția negativă

Contracțiile la negativ

don’t → didn’t · haven’t + pp → hadn’t + pp · won’t → wouldn’t.

Direct
“I don’t run in the morning.”
Indirect
He said he didn’t run in the morning.
don’t → didn’t
Direct
“I won’t go there.”
Indirect
He said he wouldn’t go there.
won’t → wouldn’t
Direct
“I haven’t finished yet.”
Indirect
He said he hadn’t finished yet.
haven’t + pp → hadn’t + pp
Test · 7 exerciții

Transformă în vorbire indirectă

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